Rumus simple Indirect Speech and Passive Voice


Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
» Simple Present Tenses
» Simple Past Tenses
+
S + V1(s,es) + o/c
+
S + V2 + o/c
-
S + Do/Does + V1 + o/c
-
S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c
?
Do/Does + S + V1 + o/c
?
Did + S + V1 + o/c
Mother said, “I go to the market today”
Mother said that she went to the market that day
» Present Continuous Tenses
» Past Continuous Tenses
+
S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + V1 + Ing
+
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing
-
S + TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + Not + V1 + Ing
-
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing
?
TOBE(Is, Am, Are) + S + V1 + Ing
?
TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing
Andi says, “I am going to school”
Andi says that he was going to school
» Present Perfect Tenses
» Past Perfect Tenses
+
S + Have/Has + V3
+
S + Had + V3
-
S + Have/Has + Not + V3
-
S + Had + Not + V3
?
Have/Has + S + V3
?
Had + S + V3
The Teachers said, “We have some tests for you”
The Teachers said that they have some tests for you
» Present Perfect Continuous Tenses
» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
+
S + Have/Has + Been + V1 + ing
+
S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
-
S + Have/Has + Been + Not + V1 + ing
-
S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
?
Have/Has + S + Been + V1 + ing
?
Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
Sherry said, “I have been reading the book
Sherry said that she had been reading the book
» Simple Past Tenses
» Past Pefect Tenses
+
S + V2 + o/c
+
S + Had + V3
-
S + Did + Not + V1 + o/c
-
S + Had + Not + V3
?
Did + S + V1 + o/c
?
Had + S + V3
Otoosan said, “I ate that food yesterday”
Otoosan said that he had eaten those food the previous day
» Past Continuous Tenses
» Past Perfect Continuous Tenses
+
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + V1 + Ing
+
S + Had + Been + V1 + Ing
-
S + TOBE(Was,Were) + Not + V1 + Ing
-
S + Had + Been + Not V1 + Ing
?
TOBE(Was,Were) + S + V1 + Ing
?
Had + S + Been + V1 + Ing
Kudo said, “My parents were goin to my grandma’s house last night”
Kudo said that his parents had been going to his grandma’s house the previous night
» Simple Future Tenses
» Past Future Tenses
+
S + Will/Shall + V1
+
S + Would/Should + V1
-
S + Will/Shall + Not + V1
-
S + Would/Should + Not + V1
?
Will /Shall + S + V1
?
Would/Should + Not + V1
Conan said, “My family will come from Japan”
Conan said that his family would go from Japan

Passive voice
Rumus Umum: TO BE + V3

1.       Simple Present Tense
Aktif: S + V1/ (V1+s/es/ies)
Aktif: S + do/does + not + V1
Pasif: S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She writes the book
Aktif: I wash the car
Aktif: She doesn't write the book
Aktif: I don't wash the car
Pasif: The book is written by her
Pasif: The car is washed by me
Pasif: The book isn't written by her
Pasif: The car isn't washed by me
2.       Present Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing
Aktif: S + to be (am, are, is) +  not + V1-ing
Pasif: S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + to be (am, are, is) + not + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She is reading the book
Aktif: She isn't reading the book
Pasif: The book is being read by her
Pasif: The book isn't being read by her
3.       Present Perfect Tense
Aktif: S + have/has + V3 + O
Aktif: S + have/has + not + V3 + O
Pasif: S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She has written the book
Aktif: I have written the book
Aktif: She hasn't written the book
Aktif: I haven't written the book
Pasif: The book has been written by her
Pasif: The book has been written by me
Pasif: The book hasn't been written by her
Pasif: The book hasn't been written by me
4.       Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + have/has + not + been + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She has been reading the book
Aktif: I have been washing the car
Aktif: She hasn't been reading the book
Aktif: I haven't been washing the car
Pasif: The book has been being read by her
Pasif: The car has been being washed by me
Pasif: The book hasn't been being read by her
Pasif: The car hasn't been being washed by me
5.       Simple Past Tense
Aktif: S + V2
Aktif: S + did + not + V1
Pasif: S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She wrote a letter
Aktif: She didn't write a letter
Pasif: A letter was written by her
Pasif: A letter wasn't written by her
6.       Past Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + to be (was, were) + not + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + to be (was, were) + not + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She was washing the car
Aktif: She wasn't washing the car
Pasif: The car was being washed by her
Pasif: The car wasn't being washed by her
7.       Past Perfect Tense
Aktif: S + had + V3 + O
Aktif: S + had + not + V3 + O
Pasif: S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She had washed the car
Aktif: She hadn't washed the car
Pasif: The car had been washed by her
Pasif: The car hadn't been washed by her
8.       Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + had + been + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + had + not + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + had + not + been + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She had been washing the car
Aktif: She hadn't been washing the car
Pasif: The car had been being washed  by her
Pasif: The car hadn't been being washed  by her
9.       Simple Future Tense
Aktif: S + will + V1 + O
Aktif: S + will + not + V1 + O
Pasif: S + will + be + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + will + not + be + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She will wash the car
Aktif: She won't wash the car
Pasif: The car will be washed by her
Pasif: The car won't be washed by her
10.   Future Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + will + be + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + will + not + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She will be washing the car
Aktif: She won'tl be washing the car
Pasif: The car will be being washed by her
Pasif: The car won't be being washed by her
11.   Future Perfect Tense
Aktif: S + will + have + V3 + O         
Aktif: S + will + not + have + V3 + O
Pasif: S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She will have washed the car
Aktif: She won't have washed the car
Pasif: The car will have been washed by her
Pasif: The car won't have been washed by her
12.   Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + will + not + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + will + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + will + not + have + been + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She will have been washing the car
Aktif: She won't have been washing the car
Pasif: The car will have been being washed by her
Pasif: The car won't have been being washed by her
13.   Si mple Future Past Tense
Aktif: S + would + V1
Aktif: S + would +not +  V1
Pasif: S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + would + not + be + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She would wash the car
Aktif: She wouldn't wash the car
Pasif: The car would be washed by her
Pasif: The car wouldn't be washed by her
14.   Future Past Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + would + be + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + would + not + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + would + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She would be washing the car             
Aktif: She wouldn't be washing the car
Pasif: The car would be being washed by her
Pasif: The car wouldn't be being washed by her
15.   Future Past Perfect Tense
Aktif: S + would + have + V3 + O
Aktif: S + would + not + have + V3 + O
Pasif: S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + would + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She would have washed the car                        
Aktif: She wouldn't have washed the car
Pasif: The car would have been washed by her
Pasif: The car wouldn't have been washed by her
16.   Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Aktif: S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O
Aktif: S + would + not + have + been + V1-ing + O
Pasif: S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Pasif: S + would + not + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
Aktif: She would have been washing the car
Aktif: She wouldn't have been washing the car
Pasif: The car would have been being washed by her
Pasif: The car wouldn't have been being washed by her


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